You can invert the colors of the photographs stored in your iPhoto library, but it is not an official feature, so will require a counter-intuitive process to pull it off. However, when you finish, the result will be a stunning and bizarre graphical effect that simulates the look of photographic negatives.
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Step
Select photo.
Step
Right-click and select "Show Original File."
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Right-click the file and select "Open With Preview."
Step
Select "Tools" and "Adjust Colors."
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Move the black slider all the way to the right. Move the white slider all the way to the left. This has the effect of inverting the colors in the photo.
Step
Press "Cmd" and "S" to save.
Step
Return to iPhoto, right-click the photo and select "Revert to Original."